What it is
SS-31, also called elamipretide, is a mitochondria-targeted peptide studied for cardiolipin binding and mitochondrial function.
Evidence boundary
Investigational with human trial data.
Trial evidence
- PMID 42440741 — Therapeutic targeting of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure: a systematic review & meta-analysis of clinical outcomes.
- PMID 35165982 — Effect of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants on glycaemic control, cardiovascular health, and oxidative stress in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- PMID 42123471 — Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives.
Preparation and measurement
Reconstitution: 50 mg vial + 1 mL BAC = 50 mg/mL.
Concentration matches.
Reference schedule
| Phase | Dose | Draw / measure | Frequency | Weekly total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weeks 1–2 (titration) | 5 mg | 10 U (0.1 mL) | Once daily | 35 mg/week |
| Weeks 3–8 (target) | 10 mg | 20 U (0.2 mL) | Once daily | 70 mg/week |
Weeks 1–2 (titration)
- Dose
- 5 mg
- Draw / measure
- 10 U (0.1 mL)
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Weekly total
- 35 mg/week
Weeks 3–8 (target)
- Dose
- 10 mg
- Draw / measure
- 20 U (0.2 mL)
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Weekly total
- 70 mg/week
Weekly totals apply only during the active phase.
Titration rules
- Daily titration (subcutaneous):
- Weeks 1–2 (titration): 5 mg/day.
- Weeks 3–8 (target): 10 mg/day. Aligned with trial doses used in cardiac and ophthalmic studies.
- Cycle structure: 12–24 weeks continuous. Effects accumulate gradually; expect 8–12 weeks before subjective changes.
Cycle length and breaks
Effects accumulate gradually; expect 8–12 weeks before subjective changes.
What to monitor
- Mitochondrial and cardiac response
- Energy and fatigue signals over time
- Injection-site reactions
Practical rules
- Rotate sites.
- Do not frame this as a finished standard therapy.